Keys, phrases and the ways people lose them
What a private key is, what a seed phrase actually protects, how drainers and approvals work, and how to read a signature request before you agree to it.
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Address Poisoning: The Scam in Your Transaction History
An attacker plants a transfer from a lookalike address so a later copy-paste from history sends funds to them. Verify the middle, never the ends.
beginner -
BIP39 Passphrase (25th Word): What It Does and Its Risks
Learn how the BIP39 passphrase (25th word) creates a separate wallet, its security benefits, and the critical risk of losing access with no recovery.
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Blind Signing: What It Is and Why It Matters
Blind signing shows a hash instead of a decoded transaction. Learn how it works, why hardware wallets ask for it, and how to avoid approving unknown actions.
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Check a Transaction Before You Sign It
Learn to read a signature request, verify a contract address, and understand approvals and permits before you sign. Essential security steps for crypto users.
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Cold Storage Crypto: Degrees of Offline Security
Understand cold storage crypto: what air-gapped wallets do, how they protect keys, and the real trade-offs of offline signing.
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Crypto Recovery Scams: How the Second Theft Works
How crypto recovery scams target people who already lost funds: the upfront fee, the fake investigator, the unlock payment, and what real reporting routes can do.
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Dusting Attacks: Unsolicited Funds and Tokens
Dusting attacks send tiny amounts or tokens to your address. Learn how they work, why receiving is not theft, and how to respond safely.
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Fake Wallet Apps and Extensions: How Counterfeits Work
How counterfeit wallet apps and extensions reach people, what they do once installed, how to find the genuine download, and what to do if a phrase was exposed.
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How Crypto Phishing Works: Attack Vectors and Defenses
Learn how crypto phishing attacks operate, from fake wallet sites to malicious airdrops, and how to protect your keys and signatures.
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How Hardware Wallets Work: Keys, Signing, and Limits
Hardware wallets keep private keys offline and sign transactions on-device. Learn the mechanism, what it protects, and what it doesn't.
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How Rug Pulls Work: The Mechanics, Not the Moral
Liquidity removed, a mint function left open, or a tax that permits buying but not selling. What can be checked beforehand and what genuinely cannot.
intermediate -
How to Store a Seed Phrase Safely
Learn secure ways to store your seed phrase: paper, metal, and split backups. Avoid common mistakes like photos and password managers.
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How Wallet Drainers Work
Learn how wallet drainers trick users into signing malicious transactions. Understand the mechanism, spot red flags, and prevent crypto theft.
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Lost Seed Phrase: What Actually Happens
If you lose your seed phrase, recovery is almost impossible. Learn why, the rare exceptions, and why recovery services are scams.
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Multisig Wallets: How Multi-Signature Security Works
Learn how multisig wallets work, what they protect against, and the new risks they introduce. Understand threshold signatures, setup, and common mistakes.
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Public and Private Keys: How the Pair Works
Understand the public-private key pair: what each key does, how addresses derive from public keys, and what signing proves. Essential for crypto security.
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SIM Swap Attacks: Why a Phone Number Is Not a Factor
The attack is against the carrier, not the phone. Port-out locks, moving off SMS, and the email account that sits behind every recovery flow.
beginner -
Token Approvals: How to List and Revoke Them
Learn what token approvals are, why unlimited approvals are risky, and how to list and revoke them on Ethereum and EVM chains.
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Two-Factor Authentication for Crypto: Ranking Factors
Rank factors by what defeats an attacker: hardware key, then authenticator app, then SMS a long way behind. And where 2FA does nothing at all.
beginner -
What a Seed Phrase Actually Is
Learn what a seed phrase really is: the master key to all your crypto. Understand how it works, why it's not a password, and how to keep it safe.